Anti-inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin Extracted from Microalgae Hematococcus pluvialis and Combinations with Palm Tocotrienol Rich-Fraction in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Astaxanthin and tocotrienols, known as antioxidants derived from natural compounds shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims investigate the effects of a combination astaxanthin extracted Hematococcus pluvialis microalga palm tocotrienols rich-fraction (TRF) on inflammatory reaction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. MTT assay was used test cell viability nitrite oxide (NO) determined using Griess assay. Isobologram confirmed that combined treatment produced synergistic effect measurement cytokines such interleukin 6 (IL-6) 12 (IL-12) through ELISA Our results showed TRF exhibited markers NO production. The concentration ranging 10 100 μg/mL at 4-25 had no toxicity achieved higher viability. treatments led more potent inhibition production compared single treatments. Combination Index (CI) IC80, resulting synergism CI value 0.81. Furthermore, significantly further reduced expression levels pro-inflammatory IL-6 IL-12. findings suggest enhanced antioxidant activities stimulated may act synergistically produce health reducing inflammation. Key Words: Inflammation, Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction, Astaxanthin, Antioxidant, Combination, Macrophages